Aswath Damodaran, a professor at NYU Stern School of Business, dubbed the "Dean of Valuation," stated that tech giants such as Microsoft, Amazon, Meta, and Google are "collectively overinvesting" in artificial intelligence, driven more by a fear of being left behind than by a clear path to profitability. He noted that these four companies' total capital expenditures this year could reach $745 billion, with most of the growth driven by AI infrastructure. However, he expressed concern that these companies have not yet articulated a clear AI business model and questioned whether these massive investments would yield sufficient returns.