Al Jazeera, citing an investigation, reported that the Israeli government funded a secret propaganda operation through its national advertising agency, LaPam. This operation, utilizing an entity called the "Hanover Institute for Public Policy," leveraged "AI story optimization" technology from New York advertising firm Piro Inc. to generate over 560,000 words and 124 "academic-style reports" in nine days. The aim was to influence search engine results and AI chatbot responses to shape the understanding of Palestine. The report noted that Politico's tests showed ChatGPT and Perplexity had cited Hanover's materials when answering relevant questions, indicating that the operation sought to influence information reception as determined by AI algorithms, rather than directly persuade readers in the traditional sense.