Data released by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics on Thursday showed that the Producer Price Index (PPI) for August rose by 5.4% year-on-year, exceeding market expectations of 5.3% and significantly accelerating from the previous value of 4.7%. Core PPI increased by 4.6% year-on-year, in line with expectations and widening from the previous value of 4.2%. Following the data release, traders fully priced in expectations of a Federal Reserve rate hike in October, US stock futures extended losses with Nasdaq 100 index futures falling over 1%, while the DXY and US 10-year government bond yield rose sharply in the short term, and spot gold declined. As a leading indicator measuring price pressures at the production level, the continued expansion of PPI suggests that upstream costs have not yet effectively eased, potentially posing an upside risk to future CPI trends.