Canadian dairy exports to the United States have largely ceased since US President Donald Trump imposed a 50% tariff on C$20 billion worth of Canadian goods, including dairy products, on August 22. Canadian dairy farmer Casey Pruim stated that due to the highly perishable nature of milk and the slow adjustment of production, dairy farmers would be forced to dump milk and might even need to cull their herds if processor demand is squeezed. David Wiens, president of the Dairy Farmers of Canada, called these tariffs "completely unjustified." In response, Canada imposed retaliatory tariffs on C$20 billion worth of US goods on September 8, including a 50% tariff on milk, cream, and whey products, and a 25% tariff on various cheeses. Oxford Economics analyzed that Canada's retaliatory tariffs would help some industries but would harm most industries and weaken national economic growth by increasing costs for producers and consumers.