International Energy Agency (IEA) head Fatih Birol warned that Europe is entering winter with historically low gas reserves and cannot withstand further supply shocks, as the US-Israel war on Iran disrupts global supply chains. Speaking to Al Jazeera on Wednesday, Birol noted that Europe's natural gas storage is only 72% full, down from the usual 90%, and faces rising liquefied natural gas (LNG) costs. He added that Ukraine's attacks on Russian refineries also contribute to a looming diesel scarcity, with about a third of Russian deliveries halted. Birol expressed disappointment that governments did not take necessary measures earlier to diversify energy sources and bypass critical chokepoints like the Strait of Hormuz.