Gonul Tol, a senior fellow at the Middle East Institute (MEI), analyzed that Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan all wish to prevent the spread of war with Iran, but each has its own priorities, and these three countries cannot provide what Iran truly wants—namely, sanctions relief and guarantees against further military attacks. She stated that Saudi Arabia's primary concern is to stop Houthi attacks, Pakistan hopes to support Riyadh and mediate US-Iran relations, while Turkey seeks to avoid being drawn into the conflict.