A federal appeals court ruled that the Federal Reserve must rewrite its rules on debit card transaction processing fees, as the existing rules violate congressional legislative intent. The court noted that the Federal Reserve's allowance for banks to include costs such as fraud prevention expenditures in debit card swipe fees does not comply with the requirements of the 2010 Dodd-Frank Act. The ruling upheld a lower court's decision to vacate the Federal Reserve's cap on debit card interchange fees, with merchants arguing that the Federal Reserve should apply rules that are consistent with the law and alleviate upward pressure on goods prices.