The Russia-Africa Summit is underway in Moscow, with 22 African heads of state expected to attend, an increase from 17 in 2023. Analysts note that Russia offers limited economic incentives compared to China and the West, with political support for military governments in countries like Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger being a primary driver for attendance. Russia's trade with Africa was approximately $28 billion in 2025, significantly less than China's $348 billion and the EU's €355 billion ($395 billion) in 2024. Russia is involved in specific economic projects, including a gold refinery in Mali, bauxite mines in Guinea, and uranium projects in Niger. The Wagner Group's presence in Africa has been replaced by the Russia Ministry of Defence-controlled Africa Corps, which faces accusations of human rights abuses.