Thanos' Upgrade
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A Review of the Multiple 51% Attacks on Ethereum Classic (ETC) in 2020 and the Responses
In August 2020, the Ethereum Classic (ETC) network suffered three independent 51% attacks within a single month, leading to deep chain reorganizations and double-spend transactions, with total losses exceeding $9 million. These attacks prompted the ETC community to implement several countermeasures, including advising exchanges to increase transaction confirmation times, launching investigations to track the attackers, and ultimately implementing the "Thanos upgrade" (ETChash) in November 2020 to enhance network security. Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin also suggested at the time that ETC transition to a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) mechanism.
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A Review of the Multiple 51% Attacks on Ethereum Classic (ETC) in 2020 and the Responses
In August 2020, the Ethereum Classic (ETC) network suffered three independent 51% attacks within a single month, leading to deep chain reorganizations and double-spend transactions, with total losses exceeding $9 million. These attacks prompted the ETC community to implement several countermeasures, including advising exchanges to increase transaction confirmation times, launching investigations to track the attackers, and ultimately implementing the "Thanos upgrade" (ETChash) in November 2020 to enhance network security. Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin also suggested at the time that ETC transition to a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) mechanism.
Thanos' Upgrade
24H Trending
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1
ZEC (Zcash) is up 6.26% over the past 4 hours, currently trading at $1,330.13.
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2
The Shanghai Composite Index fell 1.06% from its previous close, currently trading at 3,650.85.
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3
AUD/USD fell 0.89% from its previous close, currently trading at 0.6946.
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The Nikkei 225 Index fell 5.76% from its previous close, currently trading at 57,557.09.
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5
Taiwan Stock Exchange Weighted Index fell 6.11% from its previous close, currently trading at 39,032.95.
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6
Brent crude was up 3.52% from its previous close, currently trading at $98.354.
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7
South Korea's KOSPI index fell 5.48% from its previous close, currently standing at 5,088.79.
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8
What is MTH (Monetha)? Project Positioning and Token Supply Analysis
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Trump's policies and institutional participation drove Ethereum's sharp rally in August 2026, with its market cap reaching approximately $294.8 billion in November
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10
Where to Buy MANA? A Comprehensive Guide to Decentraland Tokens and Mainstream Trading Channels
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