Two strategists at Franklin Templeton Institute said that the initial impact of U.S. military action against Venezuela on equity, fixed-income, and commodity markets is likely to be limited. They noted, “U.S. military action is not unprecedented, nor is it likely to represent a fundamental shift in U.S. foreign policy. "This action alone cannot unlock Venezuela’s vast crude oil reserves; achieving that will require sustained political stability." However, they added that the use of U.S. military force would reinforce the view among many countries that they need to increase national security spending.