Svmuu News: Vitalik Buterin posted on X, stating that Ethereum researchers recently finalized the “Ethereum” roadmap at a conference in Berlin.This roadmap is not a single upgrade but a series of forks spanning 3 to 4 years. Starting with “I-star,” it will become the third major phase of “Ethereum” and replace most core components.Key changes include shifting verification from direct execution to recursive STARKs, introducing 1 to 2 rounds of finality to the consensus mechanism, implementing multidimensional gas pricing, and fully replacing the existing scheme with post-quantum cryptography.Regarding the state model, the existing dynamic state scales only up to approximately 2TB. Meanwhile, new scalable state models—such as UTXO and circular buffers—will be introduced, with a total capacity of up to 100TB. These are suitable for ERC20, NFTs, and DeFi, and the rewritten code can reduce transaction fees by more than 10 times;Complex applications, such as Uniswap pools, will retain their old state, eliminating the need for forced migration.Privacy will be elevated to a top-level design goal, with all new components required to support post-quantum, intermediary-free private transactions. Formal verification will be fully implemented, and the introduction of RISC-V or leanISA as the protocol’s underlying VM will be explored; the EVM may eventually transition to a feature at the compilation layer.Gas limits, blob capacity, and block times will be increased multiple times over the next five years, with the Glasterdam fork being the first to raise the gas limit. Regarding the order of forks, H-star Hegota will be the last “pre-streamlined” fork, after which the protocol will enter the streamlined era.