Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin stated in an interview with Balaji Srinivasan at the Network State Conference on October 9, 2026, that public-key cryptography may still require one to two rounds of parameter upgrades, including further increases in key parameters. He likened this process to going through several "Y2K-style" upgrade moments, adding that network security faces a similar situation, and despite remaining obstacles, he is optimistic about the final outcome.