A Citizen Lab investigation confirmed that Israeli advertising technology company Discover-Tech helped place spyware from Candiru, a firm blacklisted by the US government in 2021, on dozens of devices used by Al Jazeera. The malware was planted through "zero-click" targeted advertisements purchased by Discover-Tech. Separately, security firm Confiant reported that some of Discover-Tech's advertisements also appeared in critical networks used by the Pentagon, the International Atomic Energy Agency, and the International Criminal Court.