Global government, household, and corporate debt surged to over $365 trillion in the first half of 2026, according to data from the Institute of International Finance (IIF), with interest expenses rising concurrently. Recent protests across several European countries highlight the fiscal pressures faced by governments. France's 10-year borrowing costs have climbed to their highest level since 2002, reaching approximately 5%, surpassing those of Italy and Greece, indicating declining investor confidence in France's debt management.