According to TechCrunch, Will DePue of the non-profit research organization Unemployment Labs analyzed the public model weights of DeepSeek, Moonshot AI, MiniMax, and Ant Group. He reported finding signatures indicating training on NVIDIA Blackwell chips in models such as Moonshot's Kimi K3 and DeepSeek V4. The report also noted that this does not imply the models were trained exclusively on NVIDIA chips, nor does it necessarily indicate a violation of export controls, as the relevant compute infrastructure may be located in overseas data centers.