A Bank for International Settlements (BIS) working paper, published on September 15, 2026, indicates that while USDT issuance on Ethereum expanded through 2024, balances held by smart-contract accounts did not see a sustained rise. The share of USDT held in smart contracts on Ethereum fell from over 20% during parts of 2021-2022 to roughly 10-15% by late 2024. On Tron, smart-contract accounts consistently held about 1% of USDT throughout the study's historical series. These findings challenge the assumption that a larger stablecoin supply automatically translates to increased capital in decentralized finance (DeFi).