An analysis of S&P 500 companies by Mark Ma, a professor at the University of Pittsburgh's Katz Graduate School of Business, found that mandatory return-to-office (RTO) policies failed to boost revenue or reverse declining profits. The only change observed was a decrease in employee satisfaction. The study indicates that CEOs typically implement RTO after stock prices fall, but this measure does not prevent financial decline and instead lowers employee satisfaction. Gallup data shows that since 2022, the proportion of fully in-office remote employees in the U.S. has only slightly increased from 19% to 21%, while hybrid employees have only added about half a day per week on average to their office time.