Barclays noted in its latest research report that current humanoid robot capabilities rely on pre-programming or remote control, with a significant gap from general autonomy. The firm believes the core bottleneck lies in the immaturity of AI models required for perception, reasoning, and action, rather than hardware. On the hardware front, there's a dilemma between scale, cost, and capability, and large-scale economic deployment will have to wait for breakthroughs in the intelligence layer.